What is a hardware VPN, and how does it differ from a software VPN?

A hardware VPN is a tangible device that offers encrypted and secure internet access to a whole network, rather than depending on software installed on each device individually. It operates as a dedicated gateway that manages encryption and routes traffic via a secure tunnel. Comparatively, a software VPN is a program installed on a device, such as a phone or computer, that encrypts only that particular device. Hardware VPNs are mainly employed by companies for centralized security and performance; however, personal use of software VPNs is more prevalent because of the convenience and affordability.